Updated Febuary 13, 2023

Shivaswamy T, Souza RR, Engineer CT, McIntyre CK. Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Treatment for Fear and Anxiety in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Psychiatr Brain Sci. 2022;7(4):e220007. doi: 10.20900/jpbs.20220007. Epub 2022 Sep 23. PMID: 36303861; PMCID: PMC9600938.

Souza RR, Powers MB, Rennaker RL, McIntyre CK, Hays SA, Kilgard MP. Timing of vagus nerve stimulation during fear extinction determines efficacy in a rat model of PTSD. Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 3;12(1):16526. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20301-9. PMID: 36192564; PMCID: PMC9530175.

Canto-de-Souza L, Demetrovich PG, Plas S, Souza RR, Epperson J, Wahlstrom KL, Nunes-de-Souza RL, LaLumiere RT, Planeta CS, McIntyre CK. Daily Optogenetic Stimulation of the Left Infralimbic Cortex Reverses Extinction Impairments in Male Rats Exposed to Single Prolonged Stress. Front Behav Neurosci. 2021 Dec 20;15:780326. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.780326. PMID: 34987362; PMCID: PMC8721142.

McReynolds JR, Carreira MB, McIntyre CK. Post-training intra-basolateral complex of the amygdala infusions of clenbuterol enhance memory for conditioned place preference and increase ARC protein expression in dorsal hippocampal synaptic fractions. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2021 Nov;185:107539. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107539. Epub 2021 Oct 12. PMID: 34648950; PMCID: PMC8985832.

Roesler R, Parent MB, LaLumiere RT, McIntyre Ck. Amygdala-hippocampal interactions in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2021 Oct;184:107490. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107490. Epub 2021 Jul 21. PMID: 34302951; PMCID: PMC8435011.

Ferland-Beckham C, Chaby LE, Daskalakis NP, Knox D, Liberzon I, Lim MM, McIntyre CK, Perrine SA, Risbrough VB, Sabban EL, Jeromin A, Haas M. Systematic Review and Methodological Considerations for the Use of Single Prolonged Stress and Fear Extinction Retention in Rodents. Front Behav Neurosci. 2021 May 14;15:652636. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.652636. PMID: 34054443; PMCID: PMC8162789.

Souza RR, Robertson NM, McIntyre CK, Rennaker RL, Hays SA, Kilgard MP. Vagus nerve stimulation enhances fear extinction as an inverted-U function of stimulation intensity. Exp Neurol. 2021 Jul;341:113718. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113718. Epub 2021 Apr 15. PMID: 33844986.

Souza RR, Oleksiak CR, Tabet MN, Rennaker RL, Hays SA, Kilgard MP, McIntyre CK. Vagus nerve stimulation promotes extinction generalization across sensory modalities. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2021 May;181:107425. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107425. Epub 2021 Mar 23. PMID: 33771710.

Vanneste S, Mohan A, Yoo HB, Huang Y, Luckey AM, McLeod SL, Tabet MN, Souza RR, McIntyre CK, Chapman S, Robertson IH, To WT. The peripheral effect of direct current stimulation on brain circuits involving memory. Sci Adv. 2020 Nov 4;6(45):eaax9538. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9538. PMID: 33148657; PMCID: PMC7673706.

Wahlstrom KL, Alvarez-Dieppa AC, McIntyre CK, LaLumiere RT. The medial entorhinal cortex mediates basolateral amygdala effects on spatial memory and downstream activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein expression. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020 Oct 2. doi: 10.1038/s41386-020-00875-6. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33007779.

Souza RR, Robertson NM, Mathew E, et al. Efficient parameters of vagus nerve stimulation to enhance extinction learning in an extinction-resistant rat model of PTSD.  Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2020;99:109848. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109848.

Mathew E, Tabet MN, Robertson NM, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation produces immediate dose-dependent anxiolytic effect in rats.  J Affect Disord. 2020;265:552-557. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.090.

Tabet, ME, Robertson NM, Hays SA, Rennaker RL, Kilgard MP, McIntyre CK, Souza RR. Vagus nerve stimulation produces immediate dose-dependent anxiolytic effect in rats. J Affect Disord (2019) doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.090 [Epub ahead of print]. PMID 31784117.

Noble LJ, Chua A, Callahan KK, Souza RR, McIntyre CK. Peripheral effects of vagus nerve stimulation on anxiety and extinction of conditioned fear in rats. Learning and Memory (2019) doi:10.1101/lm140447. PMID:31209119.

Souza R, Robertson NM, Pruitt DT, Gonzales PA, Hays SA, Rennaker RL, Kilgard MP, and McIntyre CK. Vagus nerve stimulation reverses the extinction impairments in a model of PTSD with prolonged and repeated trauma Stress (2019) doi:10.1080/10253890. PMID: 31010369.

Noble LJ, Meruva VB, Hays SA, Rennaker RL, Kilgard MP, and McIntyre CK. Vagus nerve stimulation promotes generalization of conditioned fear extinction and reduces anxiety in rats. Brain Stimulation (2018) doi:10.1016/j.brs2018.09.013. PMID 30287193.

Noble LJ, Souza RR, McIntyre CK. Vagus nerve stimulation as a tool for enhancing extinction in exposure-based therapies. Psychopharmacology (2018) doi: 10.1007/s00213-018-4994-5. PMID: 30091004.

McIntyre CK. Is there a role for vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder? Bioelectronics in Medicine (2018) doi:10.2217/bem-2019-0002.

Souza RR, Robertson NM, Pruitt DT, Noble L, Meyers EC, Gonzales PA, Bleker NP, Carey HL, Hays SA, Kilgard MP, McIntyre CK, Rennaker RL. The M-Maze task: An automated method for studying fear memory in rats exposed to protracted aversive conditioning. The Journal of Neuroscience Methods (2018) doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.02.004 PMID 29452180.

Wahlstrom KL, Huff ML, Emmons EB, Freeman JH, Narayanan NS, McIntyre CK, and LaLumiere RT. Basolateral amygdala inputs to the medial entorhinal cortex selectively modulate the consolidation of spatial and contextual learning. The Journal of Neuroscience (2018) doi:10:1523/JNEUROSCI.2848-17 PMID: 29431646.

Ketchersid A, Noble LJ, McIntyre CK, and Filbey FM. Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Gene by Cannabis Use Interaction on CB1 Receptor Density. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research (Published online, August 1, 2017) 2(1): 202-209.

Goodman J. and McIntyre CK. Impaired spatial memory and enhanced habit memory in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Frontiers in Neuropharmacology (2017) doi: 10.3389/fphar.201700663 PMID: 29018340.

Souza R, Noble L, and McIntyre CK. Using the Single Prolonged Stress Model to Examine the Pathophysiology of PTSD. Frontiers in Neuropharmacology (2017) doi: 10.3389.fphar.2017.00615 PMID: 28955225.

Noble L, Gonzalez I, Meruva V, Callahan K, Belfort B, Ramanathan K, Meyers E, Kilgard M, Rennaker R, and McIntyre CK. Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on extinction of conditioned fear and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in rats. Translational Psychiatry (2017) doi: 10.1038/tp.2017.191 PMID: 28892066.

LaLumiere RT, McGaugh JL, and McIntyre CK. Emotional modulation of learning and memory: Pharmacological Implications. Pharmacological Reviews (2017) doi: 10.1124/pr. 116.013474. PMID: 28420719.

Alvarez-Dieppa AC, Griffin K, Cavalier S, McIntyre, CK. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enhances Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Rats and Modulates Arc Protein, CaMKII, and GluN2B-Containing NMDA Receptors in the Basolateral Amygdala. Neural Plasticity (2016) PMID: 27957346.

Childs, JE, Alvarez, AC, McIntyre, CK, and Kroener, S. Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Tool to Induce Plasticity in Pathways Relevant for Extinction Learning. JoVE. (2015) doi:10.3791/53032. PMID: 26325100.

Ploski, JE, and McIntyre, CK. Emotional Modulation of the Synapse. Invited Editorial in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. (2015) doi:10.3389/fnbeh2015.00035. PMID: 25745390.

Peña DF, Childs JE, Willett S, Vital A, McIntyre CK, Kroener S. Vagus nerve stimulation enhances extinction of conditioned fear and modulates plasticity in the pathway from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the amygdala. Front Behav Neurosci. 2014 Sep 18;8:327. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00327.

McReynolds JR, Anderson KM, Donowho KM, McIntyre CK. Noradrenergic actions in the basolateral complex of the amygdala modulate Arc expression in hippocampal synapses and consolidation of aversive and non-aversive memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2014 Sep 6. pii: S1074-7427(14)00162-2. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.08.016. [Epub ahead of print] PMID:25196704.

McReynolds JR, Holloway-Erickson CM, Parmar TU, McIntyre CK. Corticosterone-induced enhancement of memory and synaptic Arc protein in the medial prefrontal cortex. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2014 Jul;112:148-57. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.02.007. Epub 2014 Mar 3.PMID:24603007.

Peña D.F., Engineer N.D., McIntyre C.K. Rapid Remission of Conditioned Fear Expression with Extinction Training Paired with Vagus Nerve Stimulation. Biological Psychiatry, 2012 Dec 12. pii: S0006-3223(12)00943-2. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.021 (Epub ahead of print).

McReynolds J.R., McIntyre C.K. Emotional modulation of the synapse. Reviews in Neuroscience, 2012;23(5-6):449-61.

Holloway, C.M.; McReynolds, J.R. and McIntyre, C.K. Memory-enhancing intra-basolateral amygdala infusions of clenbuterol increase Arc and CaMKII-alpha protein expression in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, (2012) 6:17.

McIntyre C.K., McGaugh J.L., Williams C.L. Interacting brain systems modulate memory consolidation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, (2012) 36:1750-1762.

Holloway C.M., McIntyre C.K. Post-training disruption of Arc protein expression in the anterior cingulate cortex impairs long-term memory for inhibitory avoidance training. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, (2011) 95(4):425-32.

McReynolds J.R., Donowho K., Abdi A., McGaugh J.L., Roozendaal B., McIntyre C.K. Memory-enhancing corticosterone treatment increases amygdala norepinephrine and Arc protein expression in hippocampal synaptic fractions. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, (2010) 93(3):312-21.

Holloway, C.M.; and McIntyre, C.K. Posttraining disruption of Arc protein expression in the anterior cingulate cortex impairs long-term memory for inhibitory avoidance training. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, (2011) 95:425-32.

McReynolds, J.R.; Donowho, K.M., Abdi, A.; McGaugh, J.L., Roozendaal, B., and McIntyre, C.K. Glucocorticoids enhance long-term memory consolidation and local translation of Arc protein in the hippocampus. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, (2010) 93:312-21.

Roozendaal, B., McReynolds, J.R.; Van der Zee, E.; Lee, S.; McGaugh, J.L.; and McIntyre, C.K. Glucocorticoid effects on memory consolidation depend on functional interactions between medial prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala. Journal of Neuroscience, (2009) 29:14299-308.

McIntyre, C.K., Miyashita, T., Setlow, B., Guzowski, J.G., Marjon, K.D., Steward, O., Guzowski, J.F. and McGaugh, J.L. Memory-influencing intra-basolateral amygdala drug infusions modulate Arc expression in the hippocampus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA (2005) 102:10718-10723.

Power, A.E., McIntyre, C.K., Litmanovich, A., and McGaugh, J.L. Memory enhancement by cholinergic activation in the basolateral amygdala involves activation of both M1 and M2 receptors. Behavioural Pharmacology, (2003) 14:207-213.

McIntyre, C.K., Power, A.E., Roozendaal, B. and McGaugh, J.L. Role of the basolateral amygdala in memory consolidation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, (2003) 985:273-293.

McIntyre, C.K., Marriott, L.K., and Gold, P.E. Cooperation between memory systems: Acetylcholine release in the amygdala correlates positively with performance on a hippocampus-dependent task. Behavioral Neuroscience, (2003) 117:320-326.

McIntyre, C.K., Marriott L.K., and Gold, P.E. Patterns of brain acetylcholine release predict individual differences in preferred learning strategies in rats. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, (2003) 79:177-183.

McGaugh, J.L., McIntyre, C.K., and Power, A.E. Amygdala modulation of memory consolidation: Interaction with other brain systems. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, (2002) 78:539-552.

McIntyre, C.K., Hatfield, T., and McGaugh, J.L. Amygdala norepinephrine levels following learning predict long-term memory. European Journal of Neuroscience, (2002) 16:1-6.

McIntyre, C.K., Pal, S.N., Marriott, L.K., and Gold, P.E. Acetylcholine output in the hippocampus correlates negatively with good performance on an amygdala-dependent memory task. Journal of Neuroscience, (2002) 22(3):1171-1176.

McIntyre, C.K., Ragozzino, M.E., and Gold, P.E. Intra-amygdala infusions of scopolamine impair performance on a conditioned place preference task but not a spatial radial maze task. Behavioural Brain Research, (1998) 95(2):219-226.

Chapters in Edited Volumes

Goodman J, McIntyre C, and Packard MG. The amygdala and the emotional modulation of multiple memory systems. In: Amygdala. InTech (March, 2017)

McIntyre, C.K., and Roozendaal, B. Glucocorticoid interaction with arousal-induced noradrenergic activity in influencing consolidation of emotional memories. In: F. Bermudez-Rattoni (Ed.), Neuroplasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging, CRC Press (2007).

Gold, P.E., McIntyre, C., McNay, E., Stefani, M.R., and Korol, D.L. From memory consolidation to modulation: Referees of dueling memory systems. In: P.E.Gold and W.T. Greenough (Eds), Forty Years of Memories: A Festschrift for James L. McGaugh, APA Publishers, Washington, D.C. (2001).